Title: Korean Basics — LearnCoachAssist

Q: What is the Korean writing system called?
A: 한글 (Hangul), created by King Sejong the Great in 1443

Q: How many consonants are in the Hangul alphabet?
A: 14 basic consonants: ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ

Q: How many vowels are in the Hangul alphabet?
A: 10 basic vowels: ㅏ ㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ ㅛ ㅜ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ

Q: What sound does the consonant ㄱ make?
A: g/k sound (as in go)

Q: What sound does the consonant ㅂ make?
A: b/p sound (as in bus)

Q: What sound does ㅇ make at the beginning of a syllable?
A: It is silent (acts as a placeholder before a vowel)

Q: What sound does ㅇ make at the end of a syllable (받침)?
A: It makes an ng sound (as in sing)

Q: How are Hangul letters arranged into syllable blocks?
A: In blocks of 2–4 letters: initial consonant + vowel (+ optional final consonant)

Q: What is 받침 (batchim)?
A: The final consonant at the bottom of a Hangul syllable block

Q: What are the five double consonants (쌍자음)?
A: ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ — tense/stressed versions of ㄱ ㄷ ㅂ ㅅ ㅈ

Q: How do you say "Hello" (formal) in Korean?
A: 안녕하세요 (annyeonghaseyo)

Q: How do you say "Goodbye" (to someone leaving)?
A: 안녕히 가세요 (annyeonghi gaseyo) — "Go in peace"

Q: How do you say "Goodbye" (to someone staying)?
A: 안녕히 계세요 (annyeonghi gyeseyo) — "Stay in peace"

Q: How do you say "Thank you" in Korean?
A: 감사합니다 (gamsahamnida) — formal

Q: How do you say "I'm sorry" in Korean?
A: 죄송합니다 (joesonghamnida) — formal

Q: How do you say "Yes" in Korean?
A: 네 (ne) — formal; 응 (eung) — informal

Q: How do you say "No" in Korean?
A: 아니요 (aniyo) — polite

Q: How do you say "Excuse me / Please" in Korean?
A: 저기요 (jeogiyo) to get attention; 주세요 (juseyo) for "please give me"

Q: How do you say "Nice to meet you" in Korean?
A: 만나서 반갑습니다 (mannaseo bangapseumnida)

Q: How do you say "My name is ___" in Korean?
A: 제 이름은 ___입니다 (je ireumeun ___imnida)

Q: What are the Sino-Korean numbers 1–5?
A: 일 (il), 이 (i), 삼 (sam), 사 (sa), 오 (o)

Q: What are the Sino-Korean numbers 6–10?
A: 육 (yuk), 칠 (chil), 팔 (pal), 구 (gu), 십 (sip)

Q: What are the native Korean numbers 1–5?
A: 하나 (hana), 둘 (dul), 셋 (set), 넷 (net), 다섯 (daseot)

Q: What are the native Korean numbers 6–10?
A: 여섯 (yeoseot), 일곱 (ilgop), 여덟 (yeodeol), 아홉 (ahop), 열 (yeol)

Q: When do you use Sino-Korean numbers?
A: For dates, money, phone numbers, addresses, minutes, and numbers above 100

Q: When do you use native Korean numbers?
A: For counting objects (with counters), hours, age, and quantities 1–99

Q: How do you say 100 in Sino-Korean?
A: 백 (baek)

Q: How do you say 1,000 in Sino-Korean?
A: 천 (cheon)

Q: How do you say 10,000 in Korean?
A: 만 (man) — note: Korean groups large numbers by 10,000s, not 1,000s

Q: What are the four Korean speech levels most commonly used?
A: 합쇼체 (formal polite), 해요체 (informal polite), 해체 (casual), 해라체 (plain/written)

Q: What is 해요체 (haeyo-che)?
A: The informal polite speech level, most commonly used in daily life; verbs end in -아/어요

Q: What is 합쇼체 (hapsyo-che)?
A: The formal polite speech level used in news, business, military; verbs end in -습니다/-ㅂ니다

Q: What is 반말 (banmal)?
A: Casual/informal speech used with close friends, younger people, or children

Q: When should you use formal/polite speech in Korean?
A: When speaking to strangers, elders, superiors, or in formal settings

Q: What does the particle 은/는 indicate?
A: Topic marker — marks the topic of the sentence (은 after consonant, 는 after vowel)

Q: What does the particle 이/가 indicate?
A: Subject marker — marks the grammatical subject (이 after consonant, 가 after vowel)

Q: What does the particle 을/를 indicate?
A: Object marker — marks the direct object (을 after consonant, 를 after vowel)

Q: What does the particle 에 indicate?
A: Location or time — "at, in, on" for static location or point in time

Q: What does the particle 에서 indicate?
A: Location of action — "at, in" where an action takes place; also means "from"

Q: What does the particle 의 indicate?
A: Possessive marker — like "'s" in English (e.g., 나의 = my)

Q: What does the particle 도 mean?
A: "Also, too" — replaces 은/는 or 이/가 (e.g., 저도 = me too)

Q: What is the basic Korean sentence structure?
A: SOV — Subject + Object + Verb (the verb always comes last)

Q: How do you conjugate a verb into 해요체 (informal polite)?
A: Remove -다 from the dictionary form, apply vowel harmony, add -아요/-어요

Q: What is the dictionary form of "to go"?
A: 가다 (gada) → 가요 (gayo) in 해요체

Q: What is the dictionary form of "to eat"?
A: 먹다 (meokda) → 먹어요 (meogeoyo) in 해요체

Q: What is the dictionary form of "to drink"?
A: 마시다 (masida) → 마셔요 (masyeoyo) in 해요체

Q: What is the dictionary form of "to come"?
A: 오다 (oda) → 와요 (wayo) in 해요체

Q: What is the dictionary form of "to do"?
A: 하다 (hada) → 해요 (haeyo) in 해요체

Q: What is the dictionary form of "to see/watch"?
A: 보다 (boda) → 봐요 (bwayo) in 해요체

Q: What is the dictionary form of "to buy"?
A: 사다 (sada) → 사요 (sayo) in 해요체

Q: What is the dictionary form of "to give"?
A: 주다 (juda) → 줘요 (jweoyo) in 해요체

Q: What is the dictionary form of "to know"?
A: 알다 (alda) → 알아요 (arayo) in 해요체

Q: What is the dictionary form of "to not know"?
A: 모르다 (moreuda) → 몰라요 (mollayo) in 해요체

Q: What is the dictionary form of "to want"?
A: 원하다 (wonhada) → 원해요 (wonhaeyo) in 해요체

Q: What is the dictionary form of "to sleep"?
A: 자다 (jada) → 자요 (jayo) in 해요체

Q: What is the dictionary form of "to read"?
A: 읽다 (ikda) → 읽어요 (ilgeoyo) in 해요체

Q: What is the dictionary form of "to write"?
A: 쓰다 (sseuda) → 써요 (sseoyo) in 해요체

Q: What is the dictionary form of "to study"?
A: 공부하다 (gongbuhada) → 공부해요 (gongbuhaeyo) in 해요체

Q: How do you say "rice / meal" in Korean?
A: 밥 (bap)

Q: How do you say "water" in Korean?
A: 물 (mul)

Q: How do you say "kimchi" in Korean?
A: 김치 (gimchi) — fermented spicy cabbage, a staple side dish

Q: What is 비빔밥 (bibimbap)?
A: Mixed rice with vegetables, meat, egg, and gochujang (chili paste)

Q: What is 불고기 (bulgogi)?
A: Marinated grilled beef — one of Korea's most popular dishes

Q: What is 떡볶이 (tteokbokki)?
A: Spicy stir-fried rice cakes — a popular Korean street food

Q: What is 삼겹살 (samgyeopsal)?
A: Grilled pork belly — often grilled at the table in Korean BBQ

Q: How do you say "delicious" in Korean?
A: 맛있어요 (masisseoyo) — informal polite

Q: How do you say "I will eat well" (before a meal)?
A: 잘 먹겠습니다 (jal meokgesseumnida) — said to the person who prepared the food

Q: How do you say "I ate well" (after a meal)?
A: 잘 먹었습니다 (jal meogeosseumnida) — thanking the cook

Q: What is 소주 (soju)?
A: A popular Korean distilled alcoholic beverage, typically 16–20% ABV

Q: What is 막걸리 (makgeolli)?
A: A traditional Korean rice wine, milky and slightly sweet

Q: What does 오빠 (oppa) mean?
A: Older brother (used by females); also a term of affection for older males

Q: What does 언니 (eonni) mean?
A: Older sister (used by females)

Q: What does 형 (hyeong) mean?
A: Older brother (used by males)

Q: What does 누나 (nuna) mean?
A: Older sister (used by males)

Q: What does 대박 (daebak) mean?
A: "Awesome! / Jackpot!" — an exclamation of amazement

Q: What does 화이팅 (hwaiting) mean?
A: "Fighting! / You can do it!" — a cheer of encouragement

Q: What is 한류 (hallyu)?
A: The Korean Wave — the global popularity of Korean culture (K-pop, K-drama, etc.)

Q: What is 노래방 (noraebang)?
A: A Korean karaoke room — private rooms for singing with friends

Q: What is 찜질방 (jjimjilbang)?
A: A Korean public bathhouse/spa with saunas and sleeping areas

Q: What does 아이고 (aigo) express?
A: An exclamation like "Oh my!" or "Oh dear!" — surprise, frustration, or exhaustion

Q: How do you say Monday in Korean?
A: 월요일 (woryoil) — 월 means "moon"

Q: How do you say Tuesday in Korean?
A: 화요일 (hwayoil) — 화 means "fire"

Q: How do you say Wednesday in Korean?
A: 수요일 (suyoil) — 수 means "water"

Q: How do you say Thursday in Korean?
A: 목요일 (mogyoil) — 목 means "wood/tree"

Q: How do you say Friday in Korean?
A: 금요일 (geumyoil) — 금 means "gold/metal"

Q: How do you say Saturday in Korean?
A: 토요일 (toyoil) — 토 means "earth/soil"

Q: How do you say Sunday in Korean?
A: 일요일 (iryoil) — 일 means "sun/day"

Q: How do you say the months January–June in Sino-Korean?
A: 1월 (irwol), 2월 (iwol), 3월 (samwol), 4월 (sawol), 5월 (owol), 6월 (yuwol)

Q: How do you say the months July–December in Sino-Korean?
A: 7월 (chirwol), 8월 (palwol), 9월 (guwol), 10월 (siwol), 11월 (sibirwol), 12월 (sibiwol)

Q: What counter is used for people (polite)?
A: 분 (bun) — e.g., 두 분 (du bun) = two people (polite)

Q: What counter is used for people (casual)?
A: 명 (myeong) — e.g., 세 명 (se myeong) = three people

Q: What counter is used for general objects/things?
A: 개 (gae) — e.g., 다섯 개 (daseot gae) = five things

Q: What counter is used for bottles?
A: 병 (byeong) — e.g., 한 병 (han byeong) = one bottle

Q: What counter is used for animals?
A: 마리 (mari) — e.g., 고양이 세 마리 (goyangi se mari) = three cats

Q: How do native Korean numbers change before counters?
A: 하나→한, 둘→두, 셋→세, 넷→네, 스물→스무 (shortened forms)

Q: How do you say "How much is it?" in Korean?
A: 얼마예요? (eolmayeyo?)

Q: How do you say "Where is the bathroom?" in Korean?
A: 화장실이 어디예요? (hwajangsiri eodiyeyo?)

Q: How do you say "I don't understand" in Korean?
A: 이해 못 해요 (ihae mot haeyo) or 모르겠어요 (moreugesseoyo)

Q: How do you say "Please speak slowly" in Korean?
A: 천천히 말해 주세요 (cheoncheonhi malhae juseyo)

Q: How do you say "I love you" in Korean?
A: 사랑해요 (saranghaeyo) — informal polite