Photography Exposure Triangle And Composition

Aperture (depth of field, light), Shutter Speed (motion, light), ISO (sensor sensitivity, noise).

f/1.4 — smaller f-number = larger aperture = more light + shallower depth of field.

Sensor amplifies the signal — including random fluctuations (noise). Modern sensors are usable up to ISO 6400+ in good light.

Roughly 1 / (focal_length). 50mm → 1/50s minimum; 200mm → 1/200s.

If you decrease aperture by one stop (less light), you can compensate with one stop slower shutter or one stop higher ISO.

Divide frame into 3×3 grid; place subjects on intersections or along the lines. Avoid centering by default.

Lines (roads, fences, light) that guide the eye toward the subject. Powerful for landscapes.

Empty area around the subject — emphasizes it and gives the photo room to breathe.

Golden ratio (1:1.618) places interest slightly closer to center than thirds — subtle, often more pleasing for portraits.

Centered framing works when the subject is itself symmetrical (architecture, reflections).

Use natural framing (doorway, branches, archway) to direct attention and add depth.

Aperture, focal length, subject distance, sensor size. Wider aperture + longer lens + closer subject = shallower DOF.