Title: Spanish Basics — LearnCoachAssist

Q: How do you say "Hello" in Spanish?
A: Hola – The most common and universal Spanish greeting, used in both formal and informal contexts.

Q: How do you say "Goodbye" in Spanish?
A: Adiós – Used to say farewell. For a more casual "see you later," you can say Hasta luego.

Q: How do you say "Please" in Spanish?
A: Por favor – Literally "as a favor." It is essential for polite requests in any Spanish-speaking country.

Q: How do you say "Thank you" in Spanish?
A: Gracias – The standard way to express gratitude. For extra emphasis, say Muchas gracias (Thank you very much).

Q: How do you say "You're welcome" in Spanish?
A: De nada – Literally means "of nothing." It is the most common response to Gracias.

Q: How do you say "Excuse me" in Spanish?
A: Perdón or Disculpe – Perdón is used when bumping into someone or apologizing. Disculpe is more formal, often used to get someone's attention.

Q: How do you say "Good morning" in Spanish?
A: Buenos días – Literally "good days." Used from sunrise until around noon as a greeting.

Q: How do you say "Good afternoon" in Spanish?
A: Buenas tardes – Used from around noon until sunset. Note the feminine buenas agrees with tardes.

Q: How do you say "Good evening / Good night" in Spanish?
A: Buenas noches – Used both as a greeting in the evening and as a way to say "good night" before bed.

Q: How do you say "How are you?" in Spanish?
A: ¿Cómo estás? (informal) / ¿Cómo está usted? (formal) – Use estás with friends and está usted with strangers or elders.

Q: How do you say "I'm fine" in Spanish?
A: Estoy bien – A common reply to ¿Cómo estás?. You can add gracias to be polite: Estoy bien, gracias.

Q: How do you say "Nice to meet you" in Spanish?
A: Mucho gusto – Literally "much pleasure." Another option is Encantado (if male) or Encantada (if female).

Q: What is the Spanish word for the number 0?
A: Cero

Q: What is the Spanish word for the number 1?
A: Uno – Changes to un before masculine nouns (e.g., un libro) and una before feminine nouns.

Q: What is the Spanish word for the number 2?
A: Dos

Q: What is the Spanish word for the number 3?
A: Tres

Q: What is the Spanish word for the number 4?
A: Cuatro

Q: What is the Spanish word for the number 5?
A: Cinco

Q: What is the Spanish word for the number 6?
A: Seis

Q: What is the Spanish word for the number 7?
A: Siete

Q: What is the Spanish word for the number 8?
A: Ocho

Q: What is the Spanish word for the number 9?
A: Nueve

Q: What is the Spanish word for the number 10?
A: Diez

Q: What are the Spanish words for 20, 30, 50, 100, and 1000?
A: Veinte (20), Treinta (30), Cincuenta (50), Cien (100), Mil (1000). Note: Cien becomes ciento when followed by another number (e.g., ciento uno = 101).

Q: How do you say "red" in Spanish?
A: Rojo (masculine) / Roja (feminine) – Spanish adjectives agree in gender with the noun they describe.

Q: How do you say "blue" in Spanish?
A: Azul – This color does not change for gender; it is the same for masculine and feminine nouns.

Q: How do you say "green" in Spanish?
A: Verde – Like azul, verde does not change form for gender agreement.

Q: How do you say "yellow" in Spanish?
A: Amarillo (masculine) / Amarilla (feminine) – Agrees in gender with the noun it modifies.

Q: How do you say "white" in Spanish?
A: Blanco (masculine) / Blanca (feminine) – E.g., la casa blanca (the white house).

Q: How do you say "black" in Spanish?
A: Negro (masculine) / Negra (feminine) – E.g., el gato negro (the black cat).

Q: How do you say "orange" (color) in Spanish?
A: Naranja or Anaranjado/a – Naranja is more common in everyday speech and does not change for gender.

Q: How do you say "purple" in Spanish?
A: Morado (masculine) / Morada (feminine) – In some regions, púrpura is also used, though it is less common.

Q: What is the Spanish definite article "el" and when is it used?
A: El is the masculine singular definite article, meaning "the." Used before masculine singular nouns, e.g., el libro (the book).

Q: What is the Spanish definite article "la" and when is it used?
A: La is the feminine singular definite article, meaning "the." Used before feminine singular nouns, e.g., la casa (the house).

Q: What is the Spanish definite article "los" and when is it used?
A: Los is the masculine plural definite article, meaning "the." Used before masculine plural nouns, e.g., los libros (the books).

Q: What is the Spanish definite article "las" and when is it used?
A: Las is the feminine plural definite article, meaning "the." Used before feminine plural nouns, e.g., las casas (the houses).

Q: What is the Spanish indefinite article "un" and when is it used?
A: Un is the masculine singular indefinite article, meaning "a" or "an." Used before masculine singular nouns, e.g., un perro (a dog).

Q: What is the Spanish indefinite article "una" and when is it used?
A: Una is the feminine singular indefinite article, meaning "a" or "an." Used before feminine singular nouns, e.g., una mesa (a table).

Q: What does the Spanish subject pronoun "yo" mean?
A: Yo = I. In Spanish, subject pronouns are often omitted because verb conjugations indicate the subject. Yo hablo and hablo both mean "I speak."

Q: What does the Spanish subject pronoun "tú" mean?
A: Tú = You (informal singular). Used with friends, family, and peers. Note the accent mark distinguishing it from tu (your).

Q: What does the Spanish subject pronoun "él" mean?
A: Él = He. The accent mark distinguishes it from el (the). E.g., Él es mi amigo (He is my friend).

Q: What does the Spanish subject pronoun "ella" mean?
A: Ella = She. E.g., Ella habla español (She speaks Spanish).

Q: What does the Spanish subject pronoun "usted" mean?
A: Usted (abbreviated Ud.) = You (formal singular). Used with strangers, elders, or in professional settings. It takes third-person verb forms.

Q: What does the Spanish subject pronoun "nosotros" mean?
A: Nosotros = We (masculine or mixed group) / Nosotras = We (all-female group). E.g., Nosotros vivimos aquí (We live here).

Q: What does the Spanish subject pronoun "ellos" mean?
A: Ellos = They (masculine or mixed group) / Ellas = They (all-female group). E.g., Ellos son estudiantes (They are students).

Q: What does the Spanish subject pronoun "ustedes" mean?
A: Ustedes (abbreviated Uds.) = You (plural). In Latin America it is used for both formal and informal plural "you." It takes third-person plural verb forms.

Q: What is the difference between "ser" and "estar" in Spanish?
A: Both mean "to be." Ser is for permanent or inherent qualities (identity, origin, profession): Soy estudiante. Estar is for temporary states, locations, and emotions: Estoy cansado. Mixing them changes meaning.

Q: How do you conjugate "ser" in the present tense?
A: Yo soy, tú eres, él/ella/usted es, nosotros somos, ellos/ustedes son. Ser is irregular and must be memorized.

Q: How do you conjugate "estar" in the present tense?
A: Yo estoy, tú estás, él/ella/usted está, nosotros estamos, ellos/ustedes están. Note the accent marks on most forms.

Q: How do you conjugate "tener" (to have) in the present tense?
A: Yo tengo, tú tienes, él/ella/usted tiene, nosotros tenemos, ellos/ustedes tienen. Tener is also used in expressions like tener hambre (to be hungry, lit. "to have hunger").

Q: How do you conjugate "ir" (to go) in the present tense?
A: Yo voy, tú vas, él/ella/usted va, nosotros vamos, ellos/ustedes van. Ir + a + infinitive expresses the near future: Voy a comer (I am going to eat).

Q: How do you conjugate "hacer" (to do/make) in the present tense?
A: Yo hago, tú haces, él/ella/usted hace, nosotros hacemos, ellos/ustedes hacen. Only the yo form is irregular (hago).

Q: How do you conjugate "querer" (to want/love) in the present tense?
A: Yo quiero, tú quieres, él/ella/usted quiere, nosotros queremos, ellos/ustedes quieren. It is a stem-changing verb (e → ie) except in the nosotros form.

Q: How do you conjugate "poder" (to be able to/can) in the present tense?
A: Yo puedo, tú puedes, él/ella/usted puede, nosotros podemos, ellos/ustedes pueden. It is a stem-changing verb (o → ue) except in the nosotros form.

Q: How do you conjugate "hablar" (to speak) in the present tense?
A: Yo hablo, tú hablas, él/ella/usted habla, nosotros hablamos, ellos/ustedes hablan. Hablar is a regular -ar verb and follows the standard pattern.

Q: How do you conjugate "comer" (to eat) in the present tense?
A: Yo como, tú comes, él/ella/usted come, nosotros comemos, ellos/ustedes comen. Comer is a regular -er verb.

Q: How do you conjugate "vivir" (to live) in the present tense?
A: Yo vivo, tú vives, él/ella/usted vive, nosotros vivimos, ellos/ustedes viven. Vivir is a regular -ir verb.

Q: What are common expressions using "tener" in Spanish?
A: Tener is used in many idiomatic expressions where English uses "to be": tener hambre (to be hungry), tener sed (to be thirsty), tener sueño (to be sleepy), tener miedo (to be afraid), tener razón (to be right).

Q: How do you use "ir + a + infinitive" to express the future in Spanish?
A: Ir + a + infinitive expresses the near future, similar to English "going to." E.g., Voy a estudiar (I am going to study), Vamos a comer (We are going to eat). This construction is very common in everyday speech.

Q: How do you conjugate "saber" (to know facts) vs "conocer" (to know/be familiar with) in present tense?
A: Saber: yo sé, tú sabes, él sabe, nosotros sabemos, ellos saben. Conocer: yo conozco, tú conoces, él conoce, nosotros conocemos, ellos conocen. Use saber for facts and skills; use conocer for people and places.

Q: How do you say "water" in Spanish?
A: El agua (feminine, but uses el because it starts with a stressed "a"). E.g., El agua está fría (The water is cold).

Q: How do you say "bread" in Spanish?
A: El pan – A staple in Spanish cuisine. Panadería means "bakery."

Q: How do you say "meat" in Spanish?
A: La carne – A general term for meat. Beef specifically is la carne de res or la ternera.

Q: How do you say "fish" in Spanish?
A: El pescado (fish as food) / El pez (live fish). Use pescado when ordering at a restaurant.

Q: How do you say "rice" in Spanish?
A: El arroz – A fundamental ingredient in many Spanish and Latin American dishes like paella and arroz con pollo.

Q: How do you say "milk" in Spanish?
A: La leche – E.g., Un vaso de leche (A glass of milk).

Q: How do you say "egg" in Spanish?
A: El huevo – The "h" is silent. Plural: los huevos. E.g., Huevos revueltos (scrambled eggs).

Q: How do you say "fruit" in Spanish?
A: La fruta – E.g., Me gusta la fruta fresca (I like fresh fruit).

Q: How do you say "vegetable" in Spanish?
A: La verdura or el vegetal – Verdura is more commonly used in everyday speech, especially for leafy greens and cooking vegetables.

Q: How do you say "chicken" in Spanish?
A: El pollo – Refers to chicken as food. E.g., Pollo asado (roast chicken).

Q: How do you say "cheese" in Spanish?
A: El queso – Spain and Latin America have many varieties. E.g., queso manchego, queso fresco.

Q: How do you say "wine" in Spanish?
A: El vino – Vino tinto (red wine), vino blanco (white wine). E.g., Una copa de vino, por favor (A glass of wine, please).

Q: How do you say "Where is...?" in Spanish?
A: ¿Dónde está...? – E.g., ¿Dónde está el hotel? (Where is the hotel?). Use estar for locations.

Q: How do you say "How much does it cost?" in Spanish?
A: ¿Cuánto cuesta? – For plural items, use ¿Cuánto cuestan?. E.g., ¿Cuánto cuesta esta camisa? (How much does this shirt cost?).

Q: How do you say "I need help" in Spanish?
A: Necesito ayuda – In an emergency, you can also shout ¡Ayuda! (Help!). Necesitar means "to need."

Q: How do you say "The check, please" in Spanish?
A: La cuenta, por favor – Used at a restaurant when you are ready to pay. Cuenta means "bill" or "check."

Q: How do you say "I don't understand" in Spanish?
A: No entiendo – You can also say No comprendo. To ask someone to repeat, add ¿Puede repetir, por favor?.

Q: How do you say "Do you speak English?" in Spanish?
A: ¿Habla usted inglés? (formal) / ¿Hablas inglés? (informal) – A very useful phrase for travelers in Spanish-speaking countries.

Q: How do you say "Where is the bathroom?" in Spanish?
A: ¿Dónde está el baño? – In some countries you may also hear el servicio or los aseos for restroom.

Q: How do you say "I would like..." in Spanish?
A: Me gustaría... or Quisiera... – Both are polite ways to make a request. E.g., Me gustaría un café (I would like a coffee).

Q: How do you say "A table for two, please" in Spanish?
A: Una mesa para dos, por favor – Change the number as needed: para tres (for three), para cuatro (for four), etc.

Q: How do you say "I have a reservation" in Spanish?
A: Tengo una reservación (Latin America) / Tengo una reserva (Spain) – E.g., Tengo una reserva a nombre de García (I have a reservation under the name García).

Q: How do you ask "What time is it?" in Spanish?
A: ¿Qué hora es? – Responses use ser: Es la una (It's one o'clock), Son las dos (It's two o'clock). Singular es only for 1:00.

Q: How do you say "today" in Spanish?
A: Hoy – E.g., Hoy es lunes (Today is Monday).

Q: How do you say "tomorrow" in Spanish?
A: Mañana – Note: mañana also means "morning." Context clarifies: Mañana por la mañana = Tomorrow morning.

Q: How do you say "yesterday" in Spanish?
A: Ayer – E.g., Ayer fui al cine (Yesterday I went to the movies). Typically used with the preterite tense.

Q: How do you say "morning" in Spanish?
A: La mañana – E.g., por la mañana (in the morning). Remember mañana without the article means "tomorrow."

Q: How do you say "afternoon" in Spanish?
A: La tarde – Covers roughly from noon to sunset. E.g., por la tarde (in the afternoon).

Q: How do you say "mother" in Spanish?
A: La madre – Informally, mamá (mom). E.g., Mi madre cocina muy bien (My mother cooks very well).

Q: How do you say "father" in Spanish?
A: El padre – Informally, papá (dad). Los padres can mean "the parents" or "the fathers."

Q: How do you say "brother" in Spanish?
A: El hermano – Plural: los hermanos, which can mean "brothers" or "siblings" (brothers and sisters together).

Q: How do you say "sister" in Spanish?
A: La hermana – Plural: las hermanas (sisters).

Q: How do you say "son" in Spanish?
A: El hijo – Plural: los hijos, which can mean "sons" or "children" (sons and daughters together).

Q: How do you say "daughter" in Spanish?
A: La hija – Plural: las hijas (daughters). The "h" is silent, so it is pronounced roughly as "EE-ha."

Q: How do you say "It's hot" (weather) in Spanish?
A: Hace calor – Literally "it makes heat." Spanish uses hacer for many weather expressions. To say "I'm hot," say Tengo calor.

Q: How do you say "It's cold" (weather) in Spanish?
A: Hace frío – Literally "it makes cold." To say "I'm cold," say Tengo frío (using tener, not hacer).

Q: How do you say "It's raining" in Spanish?
A: Está lloviendo or Llueve – Llover means "to rain." The double "ll" is pronounced like a "y" in most dialects.

Q: How do you say "left" (direction) in Spanish?
A: Izquierda – E.g., Gire a la izquierda (Turn left). Often used with the preposition a la.

Q: How do you say "right" (direction) in Spanish?
A: Derecha – E.g., Gire a la derecha (Turn right). Derecho can also mean "straight" or "law," depending on context.

Q: How do you say "straight ahead" in Spanish?
A: Todo recto or Derecho – E.g., Siga todo recto (Continue straight ahead). In Latin America, derecho is more commonly used for "straight ahead."