1. Pointers and Dynamic Memory
Pointers are central to C, serving as variables that store the memory address of another value. They are declared with the star operator, as in int *ptr, and the address-of operato...
Read full chapter →The essential C Programming cheat sheet: 7 concise chapters you can read in minutes, distilled from the full deck. When you're ready, drill the flashcards or test yourself under exam conditions.
Pointers are central to C, serving as variables that store the memory address of another value. They are declared with the star operator, as in int *ptr, and the address-of operato...
Read full chapter →C's basic data types are intentionally minimal: char (at least 8 bits), int (the natural integer size for the platform), float, double, and long double for floating-point values, p...
Read full chapter →Arrays in C hold a fixed number of elements of the same type, declared with a compile-time size like int arr[5]. Indexing starts at 0, and unlike some languages C performs no autom...
Read full chapter →C functions consist of a return type, name, and parameter list. A function prototype declares these without a body, allowing the compiler to check call-site argument types and forw...
Read full chapter →File operations in C begin with fopen, which takes a filename and a mode string. The standard text modes are r, w, and a, while binary variants rb, wb, and so on are required for i...
Read full chapter →The C preprocessor runs before compilation and handles directives such as #include, #define, #ifdef, #ifndef, #if, #elif, #else, #endif, and #pragma. Its output is a single transla...
Read full chapter →A C program is built in four stages. The preprocessor resolves directives, expands macros, and includes headers to produce a translation unit. The compiler parses that unit, perfor...
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