1. Foundations of HTML Document Structure
Every HTML5 page begins with a doctype declaration, written as `` on the very first line. This single line tells the browser to render the document in standards mode, following the...
Read full chapter →The essential HTML CSS Fundamentals cheat sheet: 8 concise chapters you can read in minutes, distilled from the full deck. When you're ready, drill the flashcards or test yourself under exam conditions.
Every HTML5 page begins with a doctype declaration, written as `` on the very first line. This single line tells the browser to render the document in standards mode, following the...
Read full chapter →HTML5 dramatically expanded form capabilities beyond simple text and password fields. Modern input types include `email` and `url` for automatic format validation, `number` with bu...
Read full chapter →CSS selectors are the foundation of styling, targeting HTML elements through several basic mechanisms. The element selector applies to every instance of a tag, the class selector t...
Read full chapter →Every element in CSS is rendered as a rectangular box composed of four layers: the content itself (text or images), padding (space between the content and the border), the border t...
Read full chapter →Flexbox (Flexible Box Layout) is a one-dimensional layout model designed for distributing space and aligning items along a single direction, either a row or a column. It excels at...
Read full chapter →Responsive web design adapts layouts to the user's device, beginning with the viewport meta tag: ``. Without it, mobile browsers render the page at a desktop width (typically 980 p...
Read full chapter →CSS transitions animate property changes smoothly over time, defined with `transition: property duration timing-function delay`. When a listed property changes (for example, a butt...
Read full chapter →Script loading behavior dramatically affects perceived performance. A stylesheet `` is render-blocking, because the browser pauses rendering until the CSS is fetched and parsed (ot...
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