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Exam details
To reduce query response times, resource usage, and improve scalability by tuning schema, queries, indexes, and configuration.
Schema design, indexing, query writing, configuration tuning, hardware resources, and monitoring.
Because you need a baseline to compare improvements against and to avoid optimizing the wrong parts of the system.
EXPLAIN
It shows how MySQL will execute a query, including table access order, join types, index usage, and estimated rows, helping identify inefficiencies.