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Next.js is a React framework created by Vercel that provides features like server-side rendering, static site generation, file-based routing, and API routes out of the box. It simplifies building production-ready React applications.
The App Router (introduced in Next.js 13) uses the app/ directory and supports React Server Components, nested layouts, streaming, and colocation of files. It replaces the older Pages Router (pages/ directory).
Routes are defined by the folder structure inside app/. A route is created by adding a page.tsx file inside a folder. For example, app/about/page.tsx maps to the /about route.
A Server Component renders on the server and sends HTML to the client. It is the default in the App Router. Server Components can directly access databases, read files, and fetch data without exposing secrets to the client.
A Client Component is declared with "use client" at the top of the file. It runs in the browser and supports interactivity: event handlers, state (useState), effects (useEffect), and browser APIs.