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Exam details
engine x — a high-performance open-source HTTP server, reverse proxy, and IMAP/POP3 mail proxy originally written by Igor Sysoev and first released in 2004.
A single master process that reads configuration, manages sockets, and spawns worker processes (default count = CPU cores). Workers handle all incoming connections using an event-driven, non-blocking loop.
Send SIGHUP to the master process (or run nginx -s reload). The master re-reads config, spawns new workers with the new config, and gracefully shuts down old workers after their connections drain.
nginx -s stop and nginx -s quit?stop sends SIGTERM to workers and forces them to exit immediately, closing open connections. quit sends SIGQUIT, which lets workers finish serving current requests before exiting.
nginx -t (or nginx -T to additionally dump the parsed configuration to stdout). Useful in CI/CD pipelines before a reload.