A free, self-paced textbook in 7 chapters. Read a chapter, then drill it with the 52 companion flashcards using spaced repetition.
Physics is the fundamental natural science concerned with matter, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related concepts of energy and force. To describe these ph...
The behavior of objects under the influence of forces is described by Newton's three laws of motion. The first law, sometimes called the law of inertia, states that an object at re...
When a force acts on an object that moves, it does work. The work done by a constant force is defined as the product of the magnitude of the force, the magnitude of the displacemen...
Linear momentum is the product of an object's mass and its velocity, written as \(\vec{p} = m\vec{v}\), and is a vector quantity whose direction matches the direction of motion. Wh...
Temperature describes the state of thermal equilibrium between systems. Two common scales are used in physics. The Celsius scale fixes the freezing point of water at 0 °C and the b...
A wave is a disturbance that propagates through space and time, transferring energy from one place to another without any net transport of matter. Waves are characterized by their...
Light is an electromagnetic wave, and its interaction with matter is described by a small number of rules. When light strikes a smooth surface such as a mirror, it reflects such th...