A free, self-paced textbook in 8 chapters. Read a chapter, then drill it with the 231 companion flashcards using spaced repetition.
Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from rationality that influence how people perceive, judge, remember, and decide. Rather than occasional mistakes, they are pr...
A large family of biases arises from how the mind handles incoming information. Confirmation bias leads people to search for, interpret, and recall evidence that supports existing...
A distinctive cluster of biases arises from misapplication of statistical reasoning. The gambler's fallacy holds that past random events affect future ones, so five reds in a row m...
A second family of biases concerns how people see themselves and what they own. The Dunning-Kruger effect, named for Kruger and Dunning's 1999 Cornell studies on logic, grammar, an...
People do not decide in isolation. The bandwagon effect is the tendency to adopt beliefs or behaviors because many others have, social proof taken to an extreme. The false consensu...
Even when information is adequate, the act of choosing introduces its own distortions. The sunk cost fallacy drives people to continue failing projects because of past investment r...
Memory is not a recording but a reconstruction, and reconstruction is biased in predictable ways. Recency bias overweights recent events when forming judgments, while the primacy e...
Because biases are universal and not eliminable by willpower alone, the most effective remedies are systematic processes. The simplest is to slow down for high-stakes decisions, de...
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