Days of the week in Croatian each carry a grammatical gender: ponedjeljak (Monday, m), utorak (Tuesday, m), srijeda (Wednesday, f), četvrtak (Thursday, m), petak (Friday, m), subota (Saturday, f), and nedjelja (Sunday, f). Months are mostly masculine: siječanj, veljača (f), ožujak, travanj, svibanj, lipanj, srpanj, kolovoz, rujan, listopad, studeni, and prosinac. The four seasons are proljeće (spring), ljeto (summer), jesen (autumn), and zima (winter). You can talk about general times of day with jutro (morning), popodne (afternoon), večer (evening), and noć (night), as well as with the adverbs ujutro (in the morning) and navečer (in the evening). Larger time units are dan (day), tjedan (week), mjesec (month — the same word as "moon"), and godina (year).
Numbers in Croatian follow a regular pattern once you know the units. The basic digits are nula (0), jedan (1), dva (2), tri (3), četiri (4), pet (5), šest (6), sedam (7), osam (8), devet (9), and deset (10). Teens and tens continue with jedanaest (11), dvanaest (12), trinaest (13), dvadeset (20), trideset (30), pedeset (50), then the round hundreds and thousands: sto (100), tisuću (1000), and milijun (1,000,000). Ordinals follow: prvi (first), drugi (second), treći (third), and zadnji (last). Note that dva, tri, and četiri take special grammar forms with nouns, while numbers from five upward are followed by the genitive plural.
Telling the time uses Koliko je sati? (What time is it?), with answers like Tri je sata (It's three o'clock) and Pola je šest (It's half past five, literally "half is six"). The phrase U koliko sati? asks "At what time?" Smaller units of time are sat (hour) and minuta (minute). Other time adverbs include danas (today), jučer (yesterday), sutra (tomorrow), sada (now), kasnije (later), uvijek (always), nikada (never), često (often), and ponekad (sometimes). For weather, the relevant vocabulary includes sunce (sun), mjesec (moon), zvijezda (star), oblak (cloud), kiša (rain), snijeg (snow), vjetar (wind), vrućina (heat), and hladnoća (cold). Useful phrases are Hladno je danas (It's cold today), Sunčano je (It's sunny), Kiša pada (It's raining), Snijeg pada (It's snowing), and Vjetrovito je (It's windy).