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Prehistoric cave paintings, such as those found in Lascaux, France (c. 17,000 BCE) and Altamira, Spain. These early artworks depict animals, hunting scenes, and hand stencils using natural pigments like ochre and charcoal.
A small limestone figurine dating to approximately 25,000 BCE, found in Austria. It is one of the earliest known examples of prehistoric sculpture, featuring exaggerated female features likely associated with fertility.
Megaliths are large stone structures such as Stonehenge (c. 3000–2000 BCE) in England. They are considered monumental art and architecture, likely serving ceremonial, astronomical, or religious purposes.
Egyptian art was highly stylized and symbolic, following strict conventions for thousands of years. Figures were depicted in composite view (head in profile, torso frontal), and art served primarily religious and funerary purposes.
While primarily a linguistic artifact, the Rosetta Stone (196 BCE) demonstrates the Egyptian tradition of combining carved relief art with hieroglyphic text. It enabled the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, unlocking our understanding of Egyptian visual culture.