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A root word is the core component of a medical term that carries its primary meaning. It typically refers to an organ, tissue, or condition (e.g., card- meaning heart).
A prefix is attached to the beginning of a root word to modify its meaning, often indicating location, time, number, or status (e.g., pre- meaning before).
A suffix is attached to the end of a root word and usually indicates a procedure, condition, disease, or practice (e.g., -itis meaning inflammation).
The combining form cardio- refers to the heart, derived from the Greek kardia. Example: cardiology = study of the heart.
The suffix -ology means the study of. It is derived from Greek logos meaning word or study. Example: hematology = study of blood.