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Exam details
Aperture (depth of field, light), Shutter Speed (motion, light), ISO (sensor sensitivity, noise).
f/1.4 — smaller f-number = larger aperture = more light + shallower depth of field.
Sensor amplifies the signal — including random fluctuations (noise). Modern sensors are usable up to ISO 6400+ in good light.
Roughly 1 / (focal_length). 50mm → 1/50s minimum; 200mm → 1/200s.
If you decrease aperture by one stop (less light), you can compensate with one stop slower shutter or one stop higher ISO.