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Exam details
The six major muscle groups are chest (pectorals), back (latissimus dorsi, trapezius, rhomboids), shoulders (deltoids), arms (biceps, triceps), legs (quadriceps, hamstrings, glutes, calves), and core (abdominals, obliques, erector spinae).
A compound exercise works multiple joints and muscle groups simultaneously (e.g., squat, bench press), while an isolation exercise targets a single joint and muscle group (e.g., bicep curl, leg extension). Compound movements allow heavier loads and greater hormonal response.
Three compound lower-body exercises are the back squat, deadlift, and lunge. Each engages the quadriceps, hamstrings, glutes, and core to varying degrees.
Three isolation arm exercises are the bicep curl, tricep pushdown, and hammer curl. These focus on a single joint (the elbow) to target specific arm muscles.
A standard back squat stance is approximately shoulder-width apart with toes pointed slightly outward (15–30°). This allows the knees to track over the toes and the hips to descend to at least parallel depth.