Time Management Practice Exam

Question 1 Time Management

What is time blocking?

The very next physical, visible action required to move a project forward — e.g., "Email John the draft proposal." A scheduling method where you divide your day into discrete blocks of time, each dedicated to a specific task or category of tasks. A concept by Cal Newport defined as professional activity performed in a state of distraction-free concentration that pushes your cognitive abilities to their limit. Non-cognitively demanding, logistical-style tasks often performed while distracted — e.g., answering emails, scheduling meetings. These tasks are easy to replicate.

Question 2 Time Management

What is your chronotype?

The brain doesn't truly do two complex tasks simultaneously — it rapidly switches between them, losing time and accuracy with each switch. A prioritisation framework that categorises tasks into four quadrants based on two dimensions: urgency and importance. Your body's natural preference for being active at certain times of day — common types include morning larks, night owls, and third birds (in-between). Monastic (eliminate all shallow) · Bimodal (long deep-work retreats) · Rhythmic (daily deep-work habit) · Journalistic (deep work whenever possible).

Question 3 Time Management

What is implementation intention and how does it fight procrastination?

From Paul Graham: Makers (programmers, writers) need long uninterrupted blocks; managers operate in 1-hour slots. Mixing the two harms maker productivity. Acknowledge the request, decline clearly, offer an alternative if possible — e.g., "I appreciate the invite. I can't take this on right now. Could we revisit next quarter?" A plan in the form "When situation X arises, I will perform response Y." Pre-deciding when and where to act increases follow-through. A productivity strategy by Brian Tracy: do your most challenging or dreaded task first thing in the morning when willpower is highest.

Question 4 Time Management

What is the origin of the "Eat the Frog" saying?

1. Capture 2. Clarify 3. Organise 4. Reflect 5. Engage. Natural 90–120 minute cycles of peak alertness followed by 20-minute troughs, discovered by sleep researcher Nathaniel Kleitman. A plan in the form "When situation X arises, I will perform response Y." Pre-deciding when and where to act increases follow-through. Often attributed to Mark Twain: "If the first thing you do each morning is eat a live frog, you can go through the day knowing the worst is behind you."

Question 5 Time Management

Who popularised the Eisenhower Matrix?

Time blocking reserves time on a calendar; timeboxing adds a hard deadline constraint — you must stop or deliver when the box ends. Often attributed to Mark Twain: "If the first thing you do each morning is eat a live frog, you can go through the day knowing the worst is behind you." Focusing on one task at a time to completion before moving to the next. Research shows it is significantly more productive than multitasking. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who said: "What is important is seldom urgent and what is urgent is seldom important." Later popularised by Stephen Covey.

Question 6 Time Management

What is the 1-3-5 Rule?

A daily planning technique: commit to accomplishing 1 big thing, 3 medium things, and 5 small things each day. 1. Batch similar tasks 2. Use time blocking 3. Close unnecessary tabs/notifications during focused work. Quadrant 2 (Important but Not Urgent) — strategic planning, relationship building, personal development, and prevention activities. A time-management method developed by Francesco Cirillo that uses a timer to break work into 25-minute focused intervals (pomodoros) separated by 5-minute breaks.

Question 7 Time Management

Name three ways to manage personal energy throughout the day.

Set artificial tight deadlines for tasks so work doesn't expand unnecessarily — e.g., give yourself 30 minutes instead of an hour for a report draft. A productivity strategy by Brian Tracy: do your most challenging or dreaded task first thing in the morning when willpower is highest. Breaking annual goals into quarterly sprints of 90 days, making goals more tangible and allowing regular reassessment and pivoting. 1. Align difficult tasks with peak energy times 2. Take regular breaks 3. Manage nutrition, sleep, and exercise.

Question 8 Time Management

What is the GTD 2-minute rule?

Limit meetings to 50 minutes (instead of 60) to give attendees a 10-minute buffer for breaks, notes, and transition. Mark an X on a calendar for every day you complete a habit. The growing chain of Xs motivates you not to break the streak. Categorise requirements as: Must have, Should have, Could have, and Won't have (this time) to clarify priorities. If a task takes less than 2 minutes to complete, do it immediately rather than adding it to your system.

Question 9 Time Management

What does "Clarify" mean in GTD?

Processing each inbox item by asking: "Is it actionable?" If yes, determine the next action. If not, trash it, file it, or defer it. Acknowledge the request, decline clearly, offer an alternative if possible — e.g., "I appreciate the invite. I can't take this on right now. Could we revisit next quarter?" The tendency to underestimate the time, costs, and risks of future actions while overestimating their benefits. Identified by Kahneman and Tversky. By capturing all open loops in a trusted system, you relieve the mental tension of unfinished tasks, freeing cognitive resources.

Question 10 Time Management

What is Shallow Work?

Mark an X on a calendar for every day you complete a habit. The growing chain of Xs motivates you not to break the streak. Non-cognitively demanding, logistical-style tasks often performed while distracted — e.g., answering emails, scheduling meetings. These tasks are easy to replicate. Spending 30–60 minutes on Sunday evening to plan the upcoming week: reviewing goals, scheduling key tasks, and preparing materials. A productivity strategy by Brian Tracy: do your most challenging or dreaded task first thing in the morning when willpower is highest.

Question 11 Time Management

What should you do if you finish a task before the Pomodoro ends?

Use the remaining time for overlearning — review, improve, or polish the work until the timer rings. The observation that roughly 80% of results come from 20% of efforts. Named after economist Vilfredo Pareto. Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, who noticed that 80% of Italy's land was owned by 20% of the population. Cluster meetings at the edges of the day (early morning or late afternoon) to preserve large uninterrupted blocks for deep work.

Question 12 Time Management

What is the 5-minute rule for procrastination?

At the end of each day, write down the six most important tasks for tomorrow, rank them by priority, and work through them in order the next day. Non-cognitively demanding, logistical-style tasks often performed while distracted — e.g., answering emails, scheduling meetings. These tasks are easy to replicate. Commit to working on a task for only 5 minutes. Starting is the hardest part; once begun, you often continue past the initial commitment. A quick decision framework for incoming tasks: Do it, Delegate it, Defer it, or Delete it.

Question 13 Time Management

What is the 50/10 Rule for meetings?

Limit meetings to 50 minutes (instead of 60) to give attendees a 10-minute buffer for breaks, notes, and transition. Time blocking reserves time on a calendar; timeboxing adds a hard deadline constraint — you must stop or deliver when the box ends. Acknowledge the request, decline clearly, offer an alternative if possible — e.g., "I appreciate the invite. I can't take this on right now. Could we revisit next quarter?" Maintaining a healthy equilibrium between professional responsibilities and personal life — including health, relationships, leisure, and self-care.

Question 14 Time Management

What is temptation bundling?

Pairing a task you need to do with something you enjoy — e.g., listening to a favourite podcast only while exercising. Use reference class forecasting — estimate based on how long similar tasks took in the past rather than your optimistic intuition. Natural 90–120 minute cycles of peak alertness followed by 20-minute troughs, discovered by sleep researcher Nathaniel Kleitman. "It always takes longer than you expect, even when you take into account Hofstadter's Law." A humorous reminder to add buffer time.

Question 15 Time Management

Name three strategies to reduce context switching.

Breaking annual goals into quarterly sprints of 90 days, making goals more tangible and allowing regular reassessment and pivoting. 1. Batch similar tasks 2. Use time blocking 3. Close unnecessary tabs/notifications during focused work. Poke holes in a large task by completing small pieces whenever you have spare time, gradually reducing the task's intimidation factor. Communicating to colleagues that you are in a focused work block — e.g., using a signal (headphones, door sign, Slack status) and checking messages only at set times.

Question 16 Time Management

Who first observed the 80/20 distribution?

Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, who noticed that 80% of Italy's land was owned by 20% of the population. Spending 30–60 minutes on Sunday evening to plan the upcoming week: reviewing goals, scheduling key tasks, and preparing materials. Pairing a task you need to do with something you enjoy — e.g., listening to a favourite podcast only while exercising. Commit to working on a task for only 5 minutes. Starting is the hardest part; once begun, you often continue past the initial commitment.

Question 17 Time Management

What is the difference between urgent and important?

Monastic (eliminate all shallow) · Bimodal (long deep-work retreats) · Rhythmic (daily deep-work habit) · Journalistic (deep work whenever possible). Urgent demands immediate attention (ringing phone); important contributes to long-term goals and values. They are often not the same. At the end of each day, write down the six most important tasks for tomorrow, rank them by priority, and work through them in order the next day. 1. Excessive email checking 2. Unnecessary meetings 3. Social media scrolling during work hours.

Question 18 Time Management

What is day theming?

A form of time blocking where you assign an entire day to a single focus area (e.g., Monday = Marketing, Tuesday = Product Development). A productivity strategy by Brian Tracy: do your most challenging or dreaded task first thing in the morning when willpower is highest. Rank tasks as: A = Must do (serious consequences) · B = Should do (mild consequences) · C = Nice to do · D = Delegate · E = Eliminate. 1. Email replies 2. Phone calls 3. Administrative paperwork — all benefit from being done in one focused session.

Question 19 Time Management

What is the concept of "biological prime time"?

Use the remaining time for overlearning — review, improve, or polish the work until the timer rings. The period during the day when your energy and focus are at their peak. Tracked over 2–3 weeks by monitoring alertness levels hourly. Urgent demands immediate attention (ringing phone); important contributes to long-term goals and values. They are often not the same. Acknowledge the request, decline clearly, offer an alternative if possible — e.g., "I appreciate the invite. I can't take this on right now. Could we revisit next quarter?"

Question 20 Time Management

What is the Eisenhower Matrix?

Schedule your most demanding work during peak energy phases (~90 minutes) and rest or do lighter tasks during troughs (~20 minutes). 25 minutes of focused work followed by a 5-minute short break. A prioritisation framework that categorises tasks into four quadrants based on two dimensions: urgency and importance. From Paul Graham: Makers (programmers, writers) need long uninterrupted blocks; managers operate in 1-hour slots. Mixing the two harms maker productivity.

Question 21 Time Management

What are ultradian rhythms?

Schedule your most demanding work during peak energy phases (~90 minutes) and rest or do lighter tasks during troughs (~20 minutes). Natural 90–120 minute cycles of peak alertness followed by 20-minute troughs, discovered by sleep researcher Nathaniel Kleitman. A time-management method developed by Francesco Cirillo that uses a timer to break work into 25-minute focused intervals (pomodoros) separated by 5-minute breaks. Time-wasters like excessive social media, trivial busywork, and activities that are neither urgent nor important.

Question 22 Time Management

What is energy management vs. time management?

Communicating to colleagues that you are in a focused work block — e.g., using a signal (headphones, door sign, Slack status) and checking messages only at set times. Energy management focuses on matching tasks to your biological energy levels throughout the day, rather than just allocating time slots. 1. A clear agenda distributed in advance 2. Defined roles (facilitator, note-taker) 3. Action items with owners and deadlines at the end. "It always takes longer than you expect, even when you take into account Hofstadter's Law." A humorous reminder to add buffer time.

Question 23 Time Management

What is a shutdown ritual in deep work?

Rank tasks as: A = Must do (serious consequences) · B = Should do (mild consequences) · C = Nice to do · D = Delegate · E = Eliminate. A consistent end-of-day process where you review tasks, make a plan for tomorrow, and say a shutdown phrase to signal your brain that work is done. Cluster meetings at the edges of the day (early morning or late afternoon) to preserve large uninterrupted blocks for deep work. Productivity consultant Ivy Lee in 1918, when advising Bethlehem Steel executive Charles Schwab.

Question 24 Time Management

What is the Seinfeld Strategy (Don't Break the Chain)?

Mark an X on a calendar for every day you complete a habit. The growing chain of Xs motivates you not to break the streak. Cluster meetings at the edges of the day (early morning or late afternoon) to preserve large uninterrupted blocks for deep work. A list of activities you commit to avoiding — e.g., checking email before 10 AM, attending optional meetings, or saying yes to non-essential requests. Pairing a task you need to do with something you enjoy — e.g., listening to a favourite podcast only while exercising.

Question 25 Time Management

What is the Ivy Lee Method?

1. Excessive email checking 2. Unnecessary meetings 3. Social media scrolling during work hours. Identify the 20% of activities that produce 80% of your desired outcomes and prioritise those; reduce or eliminate the low-impact 80%. At the end of each day, write down the six most important tasks for tomorrow, rank them by priority, and work through them in order the next day. Set artificial tight deadlines for tasks so work doesn't expand unnecessarily — e.g., give yourself 30 minutes instead of an hour for a report draft.

Question 26 Time Management

What are the four Deep Work scheduling philosophies?

Time blocking reserves time on a calendar; timeboxing adds a hard deadline constraint — you must stop or deliver when the box ends. Monastic (eliminate all shallow) · Bimodal (long deep-work retreats) · Rhythmic (daily deep-work habit) · Journalistic (deep work whenever possible). Limit meetings to 50 minutes (instead of 60) to give attendees a 10-minute buffer for breaks, notes, and transition. A consistent end-of-day process where you review tasks, make a plan for tomorrow, and say a shutdown phrase to signal your brain that work is done.

Question 27 Time Management

What is the "touch it once" principle?

Efficiency is doing things right (speed, cost); effectiveness is doing the right things (impact, value). Good time management requires both. Complete tasks before switching, use shutdown rituals, and batch similar work to reduce the number of transitions. When you encounter a task or email, deal with it immediately (respond, file, delegate, or schedule) rather than revisiting it multiple times. It assigns tasks to specific time slots, ensuring important work gets dedicated time rather than being squeezed between reactive tasks.

Question 28 Time Management

What is the "Next Action" in GTD?

Use reference class forecasting — estimate based on how long similar tasks took in the past rather than your optimistic intuition. Active procrastination is a deliberate choice to work under deadline pressure; passive procrastination is avoidance driven by anxiety or indecision. The very next physical, visible action required to move a project forward — e.g., "Email John the draft proposal." A daily planning technique: commit to accomplishing 1 big thing, 3 medium things, and 5 small things each day.

Question 29 Time Management

Why is multitasking a myth for complex cognitive work?

Non-cognitively demanding, logistical-style tasks often performed while distracted — e.g., answering emails, scheduling meetings. These tasks are easy to replicate. By capturing all open loops in a trusted system, you relieve the mental tension of unfinished tasks, freeing cognitive resources. The tendency to underestimate the time, costs, and risks of future actions while overestimating their benefits. Identified by Kahneman and Tversky. The brain doesn't truly do two complex tasks simultaneously — it rapidly switches between them, losing time and accuracy with each switch.

Question 30 Time Management

What is a "Waiting For" list in GTD?

Grouping similar tasks together and completing them in a single dedicated time block to minimise context-switching costs. A list tracking tasks you have delegated or are waiting on someone else to complete, with dates, so nothing falls through the cracks. Limit meetings to 50 minutes (instead of 60) to give attendees a 10-minute buffer for breaks, notes, and transition. Time blocking reserves time on a calendar; timeboxing adds a hard deadline constraint — you must stop or deliver when the box ends.

Question 31 Time Management

What are the four types of procrastination triggers (Tim Pychyl)?

1. Capture 2. Clarify 3. Organise 4. Reflect 5. Engage. Tasks that are boring, frustrating, difficult, ambiguous, unstructured, or lacking personal meaning. Acknowledge the request, decline clearly, offer an alternative if possible — e.g., "I appreciate the invite. I can't take this on right now. Could we revisit next quarter?" The process of planning and exercising conscious control over the amount of time spent on specific activities to increase effectiveness, efficiency, and productivity.

Question 32 Time Management

What are the four quadrants of the Eisenhower Matrix?

Focusing on one task at a time to completion before moving to the next. Research shows it is significantly more productive than multitasking. Rank tasks as: A = Must do (serious consequences) · B = Should do (mild consequences) · C = Nice to do · D = Delegate · E = Eliminate. Schedule your most demanding work during peak energy phases (~90 minutes) and rest or do lighter tasks during troughs (~20 minutes). Q1: Urgent & Important (Do) · Q2: Not Urgent & Important (Schedule) · Q3: Urgent & Not Important (Delegate) · Q4: Not Urgent & Not Important (Eliminate).

Question 33 Time Management

What is single-tasking?

Acknowledge the request, decline clearly, offer an alternative if possible — e.g., "I appreciate the invite. I can't take this on right now. Could we revisit next quarter?" Shifting attention between unrelated tasks. Each switch incurs a cognitive cost — research suggests it can reduce productivity by up to 40%. Focusing on one task at a time to completion before moving to the next. Research shows it is significantly more productive than multitasking. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who said: "What is important is seldom urgent and what is urgent is seldom important." Later popularised by Stephen Covey.

Question 34 Time Management

What is the MoSCoW prioritisation method?

The phenomenon where your mind continues thinking about a previous task after switching to a new one, reducing performance on the current task. Coined by Sophie Leroy. Categorise requirements as: Must have, Should have, Could have, and Won't have (this time) to clarify priorities. Tracking how you actually spend your time over a period (typically 1–2 weeks) to identify patterns, time-wasters, and opportunities for improvement. Imagine juggling balls: some are glass (health, family, integrity) and break if dropped; others are rubber (work tasks) and bounce back. Prioritise accordingly.

Question 35 Time Management

Why does the Pomodoro Technique work?

Crises, pressing deadlines, emergency repairs, last-minute preparations — tasks that are both urgent and important. Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, who noticed that 80% of Italy's land was owned by 20% of the population. It reduces the psychological barrier of starting work, combats procrastination by making tasks feel finite, and trains sustained attention in manageable bursts. Interruptions, some emails, some meetings, other people's minor requests — tasks that feel urgent but are not truly important to your goals.

Question 36 Time Management

What is a "Most Important Task" (MIT) system?

A list tracking tasks you have delegated or are waiting on someone else to complete, with dates, so nothing falls through the cracks. Identifying 1–3 critical tasks each day that would make the day successful even if nothing else gets done. Complete these first. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who said: "What is important is seldom urgent and what is urgent is seldom important." Later popularised by Stephen Covey. A prioritisation framework that categorises tasks into four quadrants based on two dimensions: urgency and importance.

Question 37 Time Management

What is the key benefit of time blocking over a simple to-do list?

Natural 90–120 minute cycles of peak alertness followed by 20-minute troughs, discovered by sleep researcher Nathaniel Kleitman. Pairing a task you need to do with something you enjoy — e.g., listening to a favourite podcast only while exercising. It assigns tasks to specific time slots, ensuring important work gets dedicated time rather than being squeezed between reactive tasks. 1. Email replies 2. Phone calls 3. Administrative paperwork — all benefit from being done in one focused session.

Question 38 Time Management

What is the Planning Fallacy?

The tendency to remember uncompleted tasks better than completed ones. It creates mental tension that can be harnessed or relieved by writing tasks down. The tendency to underestimate the time, costs, and risks of future actions while overestimating their benefits. Identified by Kahneman and Tversky. Time-wasters like excessive social media, trivial busywork, and activities that are neither urgent nor important. Grouping similar tasks together and completing them in a single dedicated time block to minimise context-switching costs.

Question 39 Time Management

How can you minimise attention residue?

A consistent end-of-day process where you review tasks, make a plan for tomorrow, and say a shutdown phrase to signal your brain that work is done. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who said: "What is important is seldom urgent and what is urgent is seldom important." Later popularised by Stephen Covey. Complete tasks before switching, use shutdown rituals, and batch similar work to reduce the number of transitions. 1. Choose a task 2. Set timer for 25 min 3. Work until timer rings 4. Take a short break 5. After four pomodoros, take a long break.

Question 40 Time Management

What is a "Someday/Maybe" list in GTD?

The process of planning and exercising conscious control over the amount of time spent on specific activities to increase effectiveness, efficiency, and productivity. Interruptions, some emails, some meetings, other people's minor requests — tasks that feel urgent but are not truly important to your goals. A daily planning technique: commit to accomplishing 1 big thing, 3 medium things, and 5 small things each day. A parking lot for ideas and projects you might want to pursue but are not committed to right now.

Question 41 Time Management

How can you counteract the Planning Fallacy?

Use reference class forecasting — estimate based on how long similar tasks took in the past rather than your optimistic intuition. Communicating to colleagues that you are in a focused work block — e.g., using a signal (headphones, door sign, Slack status) and checking messages only at set times. Doing lower-priority but useful tasks (e.g., organising files) to avoid a harder task — it feels productive but delays what truly matters. A personal productivity methodology by David Allen that externalises all tasks and commitments into a trusted system, freeing the mind for focused execution.

Question 42 Time Management

What are the five steps of the Pomodoro Technique?

Shifting attention between unrelated tasks. Each switch incurs a cognitive cost — research suggests it can reduce productivity by up to 40%. The phenomenon where your mind continues thinking about a previous task after switching to a new one, reducing performance on the current task. Coined by Sophie Leroy. 1. Align difficult tasks with peak energy times 2. Take regular breaks 3. Manage nutrition, sleep, and exercise. 1. Choose a task 2. Set timer for 25 min 3. Work until timer rings 4. Take a short break 5. After four pomodoros, take a long break.

Question 43 Time Management

What is Parkinson's Law?

A daily planning technique: commit to accomplishing 1 big thing, 3 medium things, and 5 small things each day. "Work expands to fill the time available for its completion." Setting shorter deadlines can increase focus and efficiency. Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, who noticed that 80% of Italy's land was owned by 20% of the population. By capturing all open loops in a trusted system, you relieve the mental tension of unfinished tasks, freeing cognitive resources.

Question 44 Time Management

What is the "Swiss Cheese" method for large tasks?

President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who said: "What is important is seldom urgent and what is urgent is seldom important." Later popularised by Stephen Covey. Poke holes in a large task by completing small pieces whenever you have spare time, gradually reducing the task's intimidation factor. Attributed to Jeff Bezos: never have a meeting where two pizzas couldn't feed the entire group — smaller groups make faster, better decisions. Allocating a fixed maximum amount of time to an activity in advance, then stopping when the timebox expires regardless of completion.

Question 45 Time Management

What is the "two-pizza rule" for meetings?

Attributed to Jeff Bezos: never have a meeting where two pizzas couldn't feed the entire group — smaller groups make faster, better decisions. Grouping similar tasks together and completing them in a single dedicated time block to minimise context-switching costs. Shifting attention between unrelated tasks. Each switch incurs a cognitive cost — research suggests it can reduce productivity by up to 40%. By capturing all open loops in a trusted system, you relieve the mental tension of unfinished tasks, freeing cognitive resources.

Question 46 Time Management

What is Eat the Frog?

A productivity strategy by Brian Tracy: do your most challenging or dreaded task first thing in the morning when willpower is highest. A quick decision framework for incoming tasks: Do it, Delegate it, Defer it, or Delete it. Efficiency is doing things right (speed, cost); effectiveness is doing the right things (impact, value). Good time management requires both. Cluster meetings at the edges of the day (early morning or late afternoon) to preserve large uninterrupted blocks for deep work.

Question 47 Time Management

What types of tasks fall into Eisenhower Q4 (Eliminate)?

Identifying 1–3 critical tasks each day that would make the day successful even if nothing else gets done. Complete these first. Spending 30–60 minutes on Sunday evening to plan the upcoming week: reviewing goals, scheduling key tasks, and preparing materials. Time-wasters like excessive social media, trivial busywork, and activities that are neither urgent nor important. Often attributed to Mark Twain: "If the first thing you do each morning is eat a live frog, you can go through the day knowing the worst is behind you."

Question 48 Time Management

What is timeboxing?

1. Capture 2. Clarify 3. Organise 4. Reflect 5. Engage. Attributed to Jeff Bezos: never have a meeting where two pizzas couldn't feed the entire group — smaller groups make faster, better decisions. Doing lower-priority but useful tasks (e.g., organising files) to avoid a harder task — it feels productive but delays what truly matters. Allocating a fixed maximum amount of time to an activity in advance, then stopping when the timebox expires regardless of completion.

Question 49 Time Management

What is attention residue?

Energy management focuses on matching tasks to your biological energy levels throughout the day, rather than just allocating time slots. Every "yes" to a non-essential request is a "no" to something important. Saying no protects your time for high-priority work. The phenomenon where your mind continues thinking about a previous task after switching to a new one, reducing performance on the current task. Coined by Sophie Leroy. "Work expands to fill the time available for its completion." Setting shorter deadlines can increase focus and efficiency.

Question 50 Time Management

What is context switching and why is it harmful?

Shifting attention between unrelated tasks. Each switch incurs a cognitive cost — research suggests it can reduce productivity by up to 40%. The tendency to underestimate the time, costs, and risks of future actions while overestimating their benefits. Identified by Kahneman and Tversky. Efficiency is doing things right (speed, cost); effectiveness is doing the right things (impact, value). Good time management requires both. 1. Capture 2. Clarify 3. Organise 4. Reflect 5. Engage.