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A J-cut is when the audio from the next clip starts before its video appears, so the viewer hears the upcoming scene while still seeing the current one. The audio track extends leftward into the preceding clip, forming a 'J' shape in the timeline.
An L-cut is when the audio from the previous clip continues playing into the next clip's video. The audio extends rightward into the following clip, creating an 'L' shape on the timeline. It is the inverse of a J-cut.
A hard cut is an immediate, abrupt transition between two clips with no effect applied. A soft cut uses a gradual transition like a dissolve, fade, or wipe to blend one shot into the next.
Ripple edit trims a clip and automatically closes the gap by shifting all subsequent clips on the timeline, preserving the overall project duration. It is accessed with the keyboard shortcut B (out ripple) or Y depending on configuration.
A rolling edit trims the out-point of one clip and the in-point of the adjacent clip by the same amount, keeping the total timeline duration constant while shifting the cut point between them.