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Yoga is an ancient practice originating in India that integrates physical postures (asanas), breathing techniques (pranayama), and meditation to promote physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. The word "yoga" comes from the Sanskrit root yuj, meaning "to yoke" or "to unite."
Yoga originated in ancient India over 5,000 years ago. The earliest references appear in the Rigveda, and the practice was systematized by Patanjali in the Yoga Sutras around 200 BCE–200 CE.
Patanjali is the sage credited with compiling the Yoga Sutras, a foundational text consisting of 196 aphorisms that outline the philosophy and practice of yoga. He is often called the "father of yoga."
The Yoga Sutras are 196 concise aphorisms organized into four chapters (padas) that describe the nature of the mind, the path to liberation (samadhi), the powers attained through practice, and the eight limbs of yoga.
The 8 limbs are: 1) Yama (ethics), 2) Niyama (self-discipline), 3) Asana (postures), 4) Pranayama (breath control), 5) Pratyahara (sense withdrawal), 6) Dharana (concentration), 7) Dhyana (meditation), 8) Samadhi (enlightenment/absorption).