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Chapter 4 of 8

Time and Nature: Days, Months, Weather, and Seasons

Talking about time in Croatian begins with the basic days of the week, most of which end in -ak and are masculine: ponedjeljak (Monday), utorak (Tuesday), srijeda (Wednesday, feminine), četvrtak (Thursday), petak (Friday), subota (Saturday, feminine), and nedjelja (Sunday, feminine). Saying when something happens uses the question U koliko sati? (At what time?), and answering it employs sat (hour) and minuta (minute), with Koliko je sati? (What time is it?) as the everyday opener. Useful adverbs of time include danas (today), jučer (yesterday), sutra (tomorrow), sada (now), kasnije (later), uvijek (always), nikada (never), često (often), and ponekad (sometimes).

The months follow predictable masculine endings except for a few feminine forms: siječanj (January), veljača (February, feminine), ožujak (March), travanj (April), svibanj (May), lipanj (June), srpanj (July), kolovoz (August), rujan (September), listopad (October), studeni (November), and prosinac (December). The four seasons are proljeće (spring, neuter), ljeto (summer, neuter), jesen (autumn, feminine), and zima (winter, feminine), and the four parts of the day are jutro (morning), popodne (afternoon), večer (evening), and noć (night, feminine). Phrases like Ujutro (In the morning), Navečer (In the evening), and Tri je sata popodne (It's three in the afternoon) glue these nouns into common speech.

Weather vocabulary gives immediate practical value, because Croatians love to discuss the conditions. The sky and its phenomena include sunce (sun, neuter), mjesec (moon, masculine), zvijezda (star, feminine), oblak (cloud, masculine), kiša (rain, feminine), snijeg (snow, masculine), vjetar (wind, masculine), and the nouns vrućina (heat) and hladnoća (cold). Adjectives describing temperature tie this vocabulary together: vruć (hot), topao (warm), svjež (cool/fresh), and hladan (cold). Sample phrases for everyday use include Kiša pada (It's raining), Snijeg pada (It's snowing), Sunčano je (It's sunny), Vjetrovito je (It's windy), Hladno je danas (It's cold today), and Vruće je danas (It's hot today).

All chapters
  1. 1First Encounters: Greetings, Politeness, and Basic Responses
  2. 2At the Table: Food, Drinks, and Daily Meals
  3. 3Home, Travel, and the Wider World
  4. 4Time and Nature: Days, Months, Weather, and Seasons
  5. 5People, Family, and Work
  6. 6Describing the World: Adjectives, Colors, Body, and Clothing
  7. 7Numbers and Countries
  8. 8Grammar Foundations: Verbs, Pronouns, and Building Sentences

Drill it

Reading is not remembering. These come from the Croatian Basics deck:

Q

How do you say "Hello" in Croatian?

BokExample: Bok, kako si? (Hi, how are you?)

Q

How do you say "Hello (formal)" in Croatian?

Dobar danExample: Dobar dan, gospodine. (Good day, sir.)

Q

How do you say "Good morning" in Croatian?

Dobro jutroExample: Dobro jutro, kako ste spavali? (Good morning, how did you sleep?)

Q

How do you say "Good evening" in Croatian?

Dobra večerExample: Dobra večer, dobro došli. (Good evening, welcome.)