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Utilitarianism is a consequentialist ethical theory holding that the best action is the one that maximizes overall utility, typically understood as happiness, well-being, or the sa...
Deontology is the ethical tradition that judges the morality of actions based on their adherence to rules, duties, or obligations rather than their consequences. Its most prominent...
Virtue ethics is a tradition that emphasizes the role of character and the virtues in moral philosophy, focusing on what kind of person one should be rather than on rules or conseq...
Meta-ethics investigates the foundations, status, and meaning of moral claims, asking whether moral statements express objective truths, subjective feelings, or something else enti...
Social contract theory holds that moral and political rules are justified by an agreement, real or hypothetical, among individuals to form a society and accept certain obligations...
Applied ethics examines specific practical moral issues arising in fields such as medicine, business, and technology. A classic entry into this domain is the trolley problem, intro...
Environmental ethics examines the moral relationship between humans and the natural environment, including duties toward ecosystems, species, and future generations. The dominant h...