Python Programming

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its readability and simplicity. It supports multiple paradigms including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.

Guido van Rossum created Python, with the first version released in 1991. It was named after the British comedy series Monty Python.

Python features dynamic typing, automatic memory management, extensive standard library, and cross-platform compatibility. It emphasizes code readability with significant whitespace.

Save the code in a file with .py extension, then run python filename.py in the terminal. Use python3 if Python 2 is also installed.

REPL stands for Read-Eval-Print Loop, an interactive shell for executing Python code line-by-line. Access it by typing python in the terminal.

Variables are names that reference objects storing data. They are created on first assignment, like x = 5, and are dynamically typed.

Dynamic typing means variable types are determined at runtime, not compile-time. A variable can hold different types sequentially, e.g., x = 5; x = 'hello'.

Basic immutable types include int (integers), float (floating-point), str (strings), and bool (True/False). Mutable types include lists and dictionaries.

None is a singleton object representing the absence of a value, often used as a default return for functions without explicit returns.

Use functions like int(), float(), str(), or bool(). For example, int('42') converts string '42' to integer 42.

They include + (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (division), // (floor division), % (modulo), and ** (exponentiation).

Comparison operators like ==, !=, >, <, >=, <= return a boolean value: True or False.