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The U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the United States, ratified in 1788. It establishes the framework of government, defines the separation of powers among three branches, and protects individual rights through amendments. It is the oldest written national constitution still in use.
The Preamble states: "We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution." It declares the purposes and guiding principles of the document.
Article I establishes the Legislative Branch (Congress), consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives. It grants Congress the power to make laws, levy taxes, regulate commerce, declare war, and other enumerated powers. Section 8 lists specific congressional powers; Section 9 lists limitations.
Article II establishes the Executive Branch, headed by the President. It defines the President's powers, including serving as Commander-in-Chief, making treaties (with Senate approval), appointing federal judges and officials, and executing the laws of the nation.
Article III establishes the Judicial Branch, including the Supreme Court and lower federal courts created by Congress. It defines the jurisdiction of federal courts, extends judicial power to cases arising under the Constitution and federal law, and guarantees the right to a jury trial in criminal cases.