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Physics is the fundamental natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, motion and behavior through space and time, and related entities like energy and force.
The base SI units are the metre (m) for length, kilogram (kg) for mass, second (s) for time, ampere (A) for electric current, kelvin (K) for temperature, mole (mol) for amount of substance, and candela (cd) for luminous intensity.
Scalar quantities have only magnitude, such as mass or speed, while vector quantities have both magnitude and direction, such as velocity or force. Vectors are represented by arrows indicating direction and length for magnitude.
Distance is the total path length traveled, a scalar, while displacement is the straight-line vector from initial to final position. Displacement can be zero even if distance is not, as in a closed loop.
Speed is the scalar rate of change of distance with time, while velocity is the vector rate of change of displacement with time. Average speed is total distance over time; average velocity is displacement over time.