Master Organic Chemistry Functional Groups with 200 free flashcards. Study using spaced repetition and focus mode for effective learning in Science.
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What is the general formula for alkanes?
C_nH_2n+2 — saturated hydrocarbons with only single bonds.
Q · 1 of 200
What is the general formula for alkanes?
Q · 2 of 200
What type of bonds do alkanes contain?
Q · 3 of 200
What is the hybridization of carbon in alkanes?
C_nH_2n+2 — saturated hydrocarbons with only single bonds.
Only sigma (single) bonds between carbon and carbon, and carbon and hydrogen.
sp3 hybridized, giving tetrahedral geometry (~109.5° bond angles).
Nonpolar; they are largely unreactive except toward combustion and halogenation (free radical).
-ane (e.g., methane, ethane, propane).
Combustion (with O2 to give CO2 + H2O) and free-radical halogenation.
Because they contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible — no double/triple bonds or rings that reduce H count (acyclic).
Strong C-H stretches near 2850-2960 cm^-1 and no other diagnostic peaks (no C=O, O-H, etc.).
Free radical substitution: initiation (homolysis), propagation, termination.
A carbon-carbon double bond, C=C.
C_nH_2n.
sp2, with trigonal planar geometry (~120° bond angles).
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