A core structural distinction in German is between adverbs that link main clauses (with the verb in position 2) and subordinating conjunctions that send the verb to the end. The deck illustrates this contrast through trotzdem versus obwohl: trotzdem is an adverbial main-clause connector ("Es regnete. Trotzdem ging er spazieren."), while obwohl is a subordinating conjunction ("Obwohl es regnete, ging er spazieren.") Both express contrast, but they govern different clause structures.
Several adverbs express causation or consequence. Deshalb, deswegen, and daher all mean "therefore" and sit in front of a main clause with the verb in position 2: "Er war müde, deshalb/deswegen/daher ging er früh ins Bett." Infolgedessen ("as a result / consequently") is a more formal, written alternative typical of journalism and academic prose. To provide the reason or explanation for a preceding statement, speakers use "nämlich," which is placed after the verb rather than at the front: "Ich kann nicht kommen. Ich bin nämlich krank." Contrast is conveyed by allerdings or jedoch (both = however), with allerdings often adding a surprising concession and jedoch sounding more literary and formal; dennoch means "nevertheless / still" as a formal synonym of trotzdem; stattdessen means "instead (of that)."
Temporal adverbs help sequence events. Inzwischen means "in the meantime / meanwhile," while schließlich means "finally / after all" and often signals the conclusion of a long wait or process. Mastering this set of connectors is essential for producing coherent argument and narrative at the B2 level.