Spanish Basics

Hola – The most common and universal Spanish greeting, used in both formal and informal contexts.

Adiós – Used to say farewell. For a more casual "see you later," you can say Hasta luego.

Por favor – Literally "as a favor." It is essential for polite requests in any Spanish-speaking country.

Gracias – The standard way to express gratitude. For extra emphasis, say Muchas gracias (Thank you very much).

De nada – Literally means "of nothing." It is the most common response to Gracias.

Perdón or Disculpe – Perdón is used when bumping into someone or apologizing. Disculpe is more formal, often used to get someone's attention.

Buenos días – Literally "good days." Used from sunrise until around noon as a greeting.

Buenas tardes – Used from around noon until sunset. Note the feminine buenas agrees with tardes.

Buenas noches – Used both as a greeting in the evening and as a way to say "good night" before bed.

¿Cómo estás? (informal) / ¿Cómo está usted? (formal) – Use estás with friends and está usted with strangers or elders.

Estoy bien – A common reply to ¿Cómo estás?. You can add gracias to be polite: Estoy bien, gracias.

Mucho gusto – Literally "much pleasure." Another option is Encantado (if male) or Encantada (if female).